Scala is a specialist finite element module for the analysis of the electromagnetic fields coupled with the space charge effects on high current (charged particle) beams.

The analysis module calculates the current emitted by electrodes using a range of emission laws which may be used in combination.

Visualisation of the electromagnetic effects, in the particle beam trajectories, space charge distribution and electrostatic field stress provide detailed informatin on which design improvements may be based.

Applications include:

• Electron guns and beams
• Ion guns and beams
• Field emission microscopes
• Beam analysis in:
• CRT display tubes/thin screen display devices
• X-Ray tubes
• Electron microscopes
• Mass spectrometers
• Heavy ion accelerators
• Travelling wave tubes

Scala features include:

• Full 3D modeling
• Electrostatic field analysis including Space charge distribution
• Relativistic particle and beam trajectory analysis
• Complex/multiple emitter geometry
• Choice of emission characteristics and laws
• Choice of particle characteristics
• Combined effects of Electric and Magnetic fields

Scala Emitter Models Include:

• Thermal saturation limit assuming that the current emitted is dependant on temperature, work function and emission constant.
• Child's law giving the maximum current density that can be carried by the beam of charged particles across an accelerating gap.
• Langmuir-Fry current limit is similar to the Child's Law method but uses a more realistic algorithm by taking into account the velocity distribution of particles in a thermionic emitter.
• Field emission for modeling the electron current extracted by very high fields.
• Maxwellian velocity distribution sampling for tracking a large number of particles whose initial conditions sample the distribution space.
• Specified current density allows a current density and initial particle energy to be specified.

Download the Scala Data Sheet for further detailed information.